The Control and Analysis of Hidden Performance Costs as a Result of Traffic Jam in Kampala Capital City
1TUKESIGA Godfrey, 2BAKAKI Ivan, 3KINIAGI Clinton Humphery, 4WAGIMA Christopher
1Lecturer and Consultant School of Business and Management at King Ceasor University
2,4Lecturer, Faculty of Business and Management International University of East Africa and Consultant at King Ceasor University
3Associate, Institute of Structural Engineers, France
https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v4-i7-01ABSTRACT:
Hidden costs represent the economic impacts of dysfunctions that disrupt the management and functioning of companies and organizations in terms of working conditions, work organization, communication-coordination-consultation, time management, integrated training or strategic implementation. These costs are called hidden because they are generally not, or poorly taken into account by the traditional accounting systems of organizations. The measurements carried out by Iseor for more than forty years in 1,310 companies or organizations in 37 countries, show that the hidden costs represent in the order of € 15,000 to € 60,000 in loss of added value per person and per year according to the companies. They thus represent a gigantic endogenous source of added value, subject to knowing not only how to measure them, but also to put in place suitable methodologies to convert them into performance and self-finance survival and development strategies. Hidden costs do not appear in a company's information systems, general and cost accounting or budget. However, they allow the organization to understand some of its economic difficulties and to find levers for improving its performance. As they are neither measured nor monitored, hidden costs are not factored into business decisions. Such an omission leads to analyzes, erroneous interpretations and inappropriate decisions.
KEYWORDS:
Hidden cost, Congestion, Performance, control and Analysis.
REFERENCES:
1) Anthony R. N. (1965), Planning and Control Systems, A Framework for Analysis, Boston, Division of Research, Harvard
Business School.
2) BERTINELLI, L. & STROBL, E. 2007. Urbanisation, urban concentration and economic development. Urban Studies, 44,
2499-2510.
3) BRÜLHART, M. & SBERGAMI, F. 2009. Agglomeration and growth: Cross-country evidence. Journal of Urban Economics,
65, 48-63.
4) Boivert Hugues, Laurin Claude, Mersereau Alexander (2007), Comptabilité de management, 4
ème édition, Pearson, 541
pages.
5) Burlaud A., Teller R., Chatelain-Ponroy S., Mignon S, et Walliser E., (2004). Contrôle de gestion, Vuibert.
6) Cappelletti, L. (2006), « le contrôle de gestion socio-économique de la performance : enjeux, conception et
implantation », Finance-contrôle-stratégie, vol. 9, n°1, mars, p 135-155.
7) CASTELLS-QUINTANA, D. & ROYUELA, V. 2014. Agglomeration, inequality and economic growth. Annals of Regional
Science, 52, 343-366.
8) Decock Good C. et Georges L. (2003), « Gestion des ressources humaines et performance économique : une étude du
bilan social », Comptabilité Contrôle Audit, tome 9, vol. 2, p. 151-170.
9) DURANTON, G. 2008. Viewpoint: From cities to productivity and growth in developing countries. Canadian Journal of
Economics-Revue Canadienne D’Economique, 41, 689-736.
10) DURANTON, G. & PUGA, D. 2004. Micro-foundations of urban agglomeration economies. In: HENDERSON, J. V. &
THISSE, J. F. (eds.) Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics. Elsevier B.V.
11) DURANTON, G. 2015. Growing through Cities in Developing Countries. World Bank Research Observer, 30, 39-73.
12) FUJITA, M., KRUGMAN, P. & VENABLES, A. J. 1999. The spatial economy: cities, regions and international trade,
Cambridge Mass., MIT Press.
13) FUJITA, M. & THISSE, J. F. 2003. Does geographical agglomeration foster economic growth? And who gains and losses
from it? Japanese Economic Review, 54, 121-145.
14) Gouget Christian et Raulet Christian (2003), Comptabilité de gestion, 6
ème édition, Dunod, Paris, 490 pages.
15) GRAHAM, D. J. 2009. Identifying urbanisation and localisation externalities in manufacturing and service industries.
Papers in Regional Science, 88, 63-84.
16) HENDERSON, J. V. 2003. The urbanization process and economic growth: The so-what question. Journal of Economic
Growth, 8, 47-71.
17) HENDERSON, J. V. 2010. Cities and Development. Journal of Regional Science, 50, 515-540.
18) Laurenz Baertsch.
19) Martinet, A et Savall, H (1978), « Dysfonctionnement, coputs et performances cachés dans l’entreprise », Revue
d’économie industrielle, Vol.5, n°1, p. 82-94.
20) MELO, P. C., GRAHAM, D. J. & NOLAND, R. B. 2009. A meta-analysis of estimates of urban agglomeration economies.
Regional Science and Urban Economics, 39, 332-342.
21) Morine E., 2008, « Efficacité organisationnelle, sens du travail et santé des personnes »,
www.fondation-travailsantementale.qc.ca/sitefondation 2008/morine.pdf.
22) MARTIN, P. & OTTAVIANO, G. I. P. 2001. Growth and agglomeration. International Economic Review, 42, 947-968.
23) Noguera F. (2002), « Management stratégique des ressources humaines et instrumentation de l’aménagement
réduction du temps de travail », Revue de Gestion des Ressources Humaines, n° 46.
24) ROSENTHAL, S. S. & STRANGE, W. C. 2004. Chapter 49 Evidence on the nature and sources of agglomeration
economies. In: HENDERSON, J. V. & THISSE, J. F. (eds.) Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics. Elsevier.
25) Savall H. (1975), Enrichir le travail humain : l’évolution économique, Dunod, Réédition Economica, 1989.
26) Savall H, Zardet V. La réduction des coûts cachés : un moyen pour financer l'amélioration de la qualité à l'hôpital.
27) Savall H. (1975), Enrichir le travail humain dans les entreprises et les organisations, Dunod, Études économiques, Paris.
28) Savall Henri, & Zardet Véronique (1995), Maîtriser les coûts et les performances cachés, Economica, Paris, 405 pages.
29) Wood Donna (1991), Corporate Social Performance Revisited, Academy ofmanagement review, vol 6, no 4, page 691-
718.